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(No Mbdel. 2 Sheets-Sheet 1.

G. A. GASSAGNES'. SYSTEMOP SYNGHRONISM FOR TELEGRAPHY- No. 465,832. Patented Dec. 29, 1891.

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G.;A. CASSAGNES. SYSTEM or SYNCHRONISM FOR TELBGRAPHY.

N0. 465,832. Patented Dec. 29, 1891. FIG--4- FIG-G- FIG-7- WITNESSES. IMYENTOR a; 2% WK a y.

. llwirnn ST TES PATENT QFFICE.

GILBERT ALFRED CASSAGNES, OF P'ARIS, FRANCE,

SYSTEM OF SYNCHRONISM FOR TE-LEGRAPHY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 465,832, dated December 29, 1891. Application filed June 26, 1891. Serial No 397,565- (No model.) Patented in France November 27, 1890. No. 209,839.

To all whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, GILBERT ALFRED CAs- SAGNES, civil engineer, of Paris, in the Republic of France, have invented a new or Improved System of Synchronism for Telegraphy, (for which I have obtained Letters Patent of I France forfifteen years, No. 209,839, dated November 27, 1890;) and I do hereby declare that the following is a full and exact description thereof, reference being made to the accompanying drawings.

In the patents issued to me on August 30, 1887, No. 368,931, and on December 27, 1887, No. 375,339, under the title of System of Synchronism for Telcgraphy, I have described certain methods for establishing and maintaining a synchronism' between two distant stations for the uses of multiplex telegraphy. I have since introduced certain new and useful improvements, which form the object of this specification.

The object of the processes described and illustrated in this specification is to establish and maintain such a synchronism between a trailer rotating on a contact-distributor at one station and another trailer rotating on a contact distributer at a second station distant from the first and connected with it by a single line-wire, so that that single line-wire can be employed for the uses of multiplex telegraphy. This result can be obtained by one or other of the methods of connection hereinafter described. These methods are only obvious modifications one of the other, as the apparatus employed are of the same nature in the different cases and as the electric connections alone undergo certain changes. As itwill be seen further on, the apparatus made use of are: a, electro-tuning-forks; 1), electric motors; c, transmitting and receiving distributors, and cl polarized relays.

It should be stated here that the electric motors employed can be of any suitable type. It is only sufficient that they should rotate at a uniform fixed speed for each particular type under the influence of the vibratory currents which pass through them through their connection with the electro-tuning-forks. In the cases illustrated in the accompanying drawings these motors are diagrammatically represented as phonic wheels of Poul la Oour; but the construction of the motors, for which no claim is made, can vary within such limits as may be deemed convenient, provided they fulfill the above-mentioned requirements of uniformity of speed.

In, the drawings, Figure 1 is a diagrammatic view of one mode of accomplishing my invention. Figs. 2,3, andeare diagrammatic views of modifications thereof. Fig. 5 is a side elevation of an improved electro-tuning fork. Fig. 6 is a plan view of the same, and Fig. 7 a section on the line as y, Fig. 6.

Figure 1 illustrates the generalarrangement of the apparatus according to one method of connection and shows the complete diagram of the necessary connections in order to cause a trailer moving on a current-distributor at a station I to rotate synchronously with a trailer moving on a similar current-distributer at a second station II. The two stations I and II are connected by a single line-wire L. At station I an electro-tuning fork B is kept in vibration by the current of a local battery a. The poles of the battery c are respectively connected with the mass m of the tuning-fork B and with one of the extremities of the electro-magnet C. The other extremity of the coil of O is connected with a contact-screw d, opposite which is a little platinum spring 19, fixed on one of the tines of the tuning-fork. If the screw d is gradually worked so as to touch the spring 19 at the moment when the contact is made,tl1e circuit of the battery 0 will be'closed through 0 and the tines of the tuning-fork will be attractedon account of the magnetization of the electro magnet. This attraction will cause a break between (Z and p. The magnetization of C will instantly cease and the tines of B will go back to their original position, which will again produce contact between d and p. The repetition of these actions will therefore keep 13 in a state of continuous vibra tion. The other tine of B is also provided with a small platinum spring 19', placed opposite a contact-screw d. The vibrations of the tuning-fork will therefore produce successive makes and breaks in the contact between 19' and d, and these actions are utilized to close and open successively the circuit of another local batterye through the electro-magnet A of the phonic wheel .of' station I, or through the armature of. any suitable electric motor. One of the poles of c is attached to the mass m of the tuning-fork and the other to one of the extremities of the coil of the electro-magnet A. The other extremity of this coil is connected with the contactspring (1. As it is well-known in these conditions the phonic wheel placed in front of the cores of A will, once set into motion, assume a uniform speed determined by the rate of vibration of the tuning-fork and the number of teeth on the wheel. The spindle of the wheel carries a trailing arm F, rotating on a fixed current-distributor D. This distributer can be divided into as man y con tact-segm en ts as may be deemed necessary for the transmission of signals; but two of the segments as and g are used for the correction and maintenance of synchronism between the two stations. For this object one of thenicc, for instanceis connected with the positive pole and y with the negative pole of a line battery II, the middle of which is put to earth. The line-wire L is in electrical connection with the trailer F at station I and with the trailer F at station II. This trailer F is carried by the spindle of the phonic wheel of the receiving-station and rotates on a eurrent-distributor D, similar to the distributerD of the transmitting-station, save in the following respect: The space on D, corresponding to that taken up by the two correcting-segments a; and y of D, is divided up into three parts at, z, and y, forming three distinct contact-segments. The middle contact .2 is attached to one of the extremities of the coil of a polarized relay R, the other extremity of which is put to earth.

Asis indicated on Fig. 1, station II is provided with two electro-tuning-forks B and B the rates of vibration of which are adjusted in such a fashion that the tuning-fork B vibrates a little more slowly and the tuning-fork B a little faster than the tuningfork B of the transmitting-station. For instance, if the tuning-fork 13 makes n double vibration per second, B will make n-a and B n-l-fi, a and 19 being fixed and predetermined quantities very small compared to 'n. The local battery a is used to maintain the vibratory motion of B and 13 One of its poles is connectedwith the coils C, and C of these two tuning-forks and the other with the tongue of the polarized relay R. According as the tongue of R rests on the abutting screw 15 or on the abutting screw 25 the circuit of the battery a will be closed through the coil 0 or through the coil 0 by means of the contact-screw d and the spring 13 or by means of the contact-screw d and the spring 19 The other extremities of O and C are respectively connected with the mass m of tuning-fork B and with the mass m of tuning-fork B those two masses being also connected together. The local battery 6 the current of which is periodically interrupted by the vibrations of the tuningfork B between the vibrations of the tuning-fork 13 between the produce the successive magnetization and demagnetization of the elcctro-magnet A, and consequently the uniform motion of the phonic-wheel of station II. This phonic wheel carries the same number of teeth as that of the transmitting-station.

As has already been stated, the speed of the wheel of station I depends upon the rate of vibration of the tuning-fork B and upon the number of teeth of the wheel itself. If N represents the number of teeth, the speed can be expressed by the ratio 14%, where it stands for the number of double vi brations persecond. Similarly, at station II, according as the wheel is governed by the tuningfork B or by thetuning-fork B its speeds .15:2 r15? Ill be IQSPCCLIVOI) N and N As a and [1 are very small differences, in either case the wheel II willturn a little more slowly or a little faster than the wheel I.

In the case illustrated, Fig. 1, the tongue of the relay R rests on the abutting screw 1. The battery a is therefore closed through the elcctro-magnet C", and contacts d and p and will maintain the tuning-fork B, at its normal rate of vibration eta-11; butone-half of the current of a is shunted at the same time through the electro-inagnet C of the tuning-fork B The tuning-fork E the normal rate of vibration of which is n+3, will therefore receive a succession of impulses of a frequency of it-a and will vibrate at this rate, (a and [1 being very small quantities.) The battery 6 will therefore send vibratory currents of the same frequency through the electro-magnet A, and, the wheel II will turn in this case at the speed g- If, on

the speed of wheel II would be A with the interrupting-organs p and (1' of the tuning-fork B which vibrates at the higher rate, because, although it is easy within certain limits for'a lower tuning-fork to compel a higher one to vibrate at the same speed as itself, it is comparatively more difiicult to produce the opposite effect--namely, to accelerate a lower tuning-fork by means of the currents coming from the vibrations of a higher one. Thus while B is able to compel B to vibrate at its own rate of 'n--a when the tongue of R rests on t, B will not bring much change in the pitch of B when that tongue is on t, although half of the current of the battery a is also shunted in this latter case through the electro-magnet C of B. This being explained, it is now easy to understand how the synchronism is established and maintained between the two stations I and II.

ICC

Suppose that the two wheels are set into mo which keeps them in vibration, is connected tion, the wheel I turns at a fixed speed, and the with one of the extremities of the coils O and wheel II at a fixed speed also, but differing C on one side and with the tongue of the 7c slightly in deficiency orin excess, according as polarized relay R on the other. The abutthe tongue of the relay R rests on t or on t. ting screws t and 25 of It are respectively con- After a certain number of revolutions the nected with the masses m and m of B and time must necessarily come when the trailer of B The other extremities of the coils O F of station I will pass on one or the other and C communicate, respectively, with the 75 of the two contacts at or y at the exact 1110- contact-screws d and d these two screws bero Inent when the trailer F of station II will be ing directly connected together.

' on the contact .2, which is connected with the In the position illustrated by Fig. 2 the relay R. There will then be sent on the line tongue of the relay R rests on the abutting a current, positive or negative, according as screw t. The circuit of battery a is there- 80 F is on m or on y. This currentwill go through fore closed through the electro-magnet O by z and the coils of the relay R, and thence to means of the contact-pieces d and p, and earth. If the trailer F is, for instance, on cc, the tuning-fork B will vibrate at its normal it is evident that it is slightly in advance on rate of lt-l1, but at the same time half of the the trailer F, and the wheel II must be caused current of a shunted through the electro-mag- 85 to turn a little faster. The positive current net 0 of the tuning-fork B and this will arising from these positions of the trailers compel this tuning-fork, the normal rate of would have for effect to throw the tongue of which is n-I-fi, to vibrate at the rate of na. the relay R on the abutting screw 15, and the If the tongue of Rrested on the abutting screw wheel II would henceforth turn at the speed the tuning-fork B would vibrate at its own n+1? at rate of n+3. The other connections of the 2 5 N Slightly faster e speed 1T of motor-battery e and of the line-circuit being wheel I. This action therefore produces an the Same as in the first case, it is y to immediate correcting effect, which tends to delstehd o the syhehtehlsnl is established 1 bring the two trailers F and F into the same and meihtelhed between the tWO Stations I 95 relative positions on the distributors D and a II wlthout y further p a atio s on D, and even to set F in advance of F; but the l as soon as this last result begins to be felt F Another method of connection 15 ep e- 'will be on y when F is on .2. A negative cursente y g- 3, o also allows of the r t 111 th refor b ti n t; on tabhshment and maintenance of synchronism too the line and will bringback the tongue of between stations I and II bymeans of some the relay R on the abutting screw 25, which modifications 1h the y Of Connecting p will cause the wheel II to turn at the speed the Same pp At Station I the p 911 -0; 1 w ratus and connections remain the same as in TN Shghfly less than the Speed of the two previous cases. At station II the 10 5 wheel 1 These are constantly modification in the connections consists in 40 peated as soon as there is a tendency to a disputtlngfhe g 90113 G and C2 of the tuning' orepancy in the relative positions of the trailforks B and m genes to cease the some erg F and 1 on the disnributers D and of current to flow through them instead of, as the'stations I and IL The trailers Winthere in the two previouscases, to divide the our- 1 IO forebe kept in synchronism and the line-wire rent of the e e y between L can from that moment be utilized for the these oollso tunlng'folks 311C132 transmission of telegraphic signals through also Vlbmte: resrectlvely, at the-Totes of the other contact-segments of the distributor e As I e Shown on f 3, the e D7 these Signals being received on the cop tron-battery a 1s attached on the one side 115 responding contact segments of the distrib with one of the extremities of the coil 0 the M other extremity of which communicates with Fig. 2 shows another method of connecting o of e coll The other end of the same apparatus in order to arrive at the 13 connected 1 t e the tuning- Same end name1y the synchronism between fork B m being itself directly 111 communi- 120 stations I and IL The apparatus and cation with the mass or of the tuning-fork connections of station I remain identically other P of ls-otteehed the the'same as those already specified for that tongue of h relay e ebuttlhg Screws i Station in the first There is there, and t of which are respectively in connection fore no necessity for further descriptiol-L with the contact-screws d and d of the tun- 12 5 Station II is also provided with the same aplog-forks B and paratus in this case as in the preceding one. Fig. 3 represents the tongue of the relay R Their mode of connection is, however, differresting on the abutting screw t. The circuit out, as will appear from the following; but of the battery to is therefore closed through these differences have only reference to the the tongue of the relay R,theabutting screw t, 3 circuitsof vibration of thetuning-forksB'and the contact-pieces d and p, the mass m of B As in the preceding case, these tuningthe tuning-fork B, the coil 0, the coil 0 and forks make, respectively, n-a and n-l-fi dou-, back to the other pole of the battery. The inble vibrations per second. The battery a, terruptions of the current of a will therefore take place between the contact-pieces d and p of the tuning-fork B, and their frequency will be n a. If the tongue of the relayR were on the abutting screw t, it is easy to seethat these interruptions would be produced between the contact-pieces (Z and p of the tuning-fork B and that their frequency would consequently be n+5 In the first position the coils O and G will therefore be traversed by the same vibratory current of 41-0., and the two tuning-forks will vibrate at that rate. In the second position the vibratory current governing the two tuning-forks will be of n-l-fi. The other connections of the motor-battery e and of the line-circuit remain the same, as in the cases 1 and 2. It is therefore easy, from what has already been said with regard to those two cases, to understand how the synchronisin is established and maintained between the stations I and II.

In the case represented by Fig. 4 the apparatus and connections of station I are again similar to those of the first three cases and need no description. At station II, however, the following modifications are introduced. Instead of using two tuning-forks, as in the above-described examples, a single tuningfork B is employed. This tuning-fork B is tempered and its tines are permanently magnetized north and south, respectively. The left-hand side tine, which has a north polarity, for instance, and which is used to produce the interruptions in the vibration-circuit, is provided with two sets of contact-pieces. One set is external and consists of the contact-screw d and the spring 1). The other set is internal and consists of the contact-screw (Z and the spring 132. The contact-screw d (external) is connected with the negative pole of a vibration-battery a, the positive pole of which is attached to the abutting screw t of the polarized relay It. The contact-screw (l (internal) is connected with the positive pole of a second vibration-battery a", equal to the first, and the negative pole of which is attached to the abutting screw t of the relay R. In the position of the relay R represented on Fig. 4=namely, with the tongue resting on the abutting screw zf-the vibratory motion of the tuning-fork B is kept up by the battery a, and this vibratory n10- tion is produced by a series of attractions of the tines of the tuning-fork by the electromagnet C, which is successively magnetized and demagnetized. As the tines of the tuning-fork themselves are permanently magnetized north and south, it is therefore necessary, in order to produce those attractions,

. that the current of the battery a'should magnetize the core of the electro-magnet O in such a way that the pole of this core facing the north tine of the tuningfork should assume a south polarity and the pole facing the south tine a north polarity. If, on the other hand, the tongue of the relay R rested on the abutting screw t, the vibratory motion of the tuning-fork would be kept up by the vibra tion-battery a, but in this case no longer by a seriosof attractions, but by a series of repulsions, for the battery a sending through the electro-magnet C current of an opposite direction than those of the battery to, the pole of the core facing the north tine of the tuning-fork would also assume a north polarity and the pole facing the south tine a south polarity. A series of repulsions of the tines, instead of attractions, would therefore ensue. These two modes of maintaining the vibratory motion of the tuning-fork are utilized to produce synchronism in the following manner: The vibrations arising from the successive attractions have a much greater amplitude than those caused by the successive repulsions. On the other side, experiment has shown that the rate of vibration of a tuningfork varies (in a very limited measure, it is true, but sufficiently for the wants of correction) with the differences of amplitude. Thus a given tunin gfork vibrates at a rather slower rate when its amplitudes are great than when they are small. The tuning-fork B will therefore vibrate more slowly with the tongue of the relay R on the abutting screw 2.- than with the tongue on 15. Consequently the wheel of station II will also turn more slowly when the tongue is on 2? than when it is 011 t. are so arranged by previous adjustment that the tuning-fork B (of station II) should vibrate a little slower than the tuning-fork B (of station I) when the tongue of the relay rests on t, and a little quicker when it is on '6', the system will be in the conditions of differential speeds, in excess or in deficiency, necessary and sufficient for the establishment and the maintenance of the synchronism between the two stations.

In the above-described arrangement the circuits of the motor-battery e and of the line are identical with those of the three preceding cases, and need no detailed descriptions.

Instead of ordinary electro-tuhing-forks, as

magnet. There is also provided a movable block a, which can slide with gentle friction, and parallel to itself, along the tines g g. This forward and backward motion is produced by working the screw f, the threaded part of which passes through the fixed block m, as through a nut. It is obvious that the speed vibration of the system will be determined by the position of the movable block it on the tines g g, and that this speed can be increased or diminished according as saidmovable block n is nearer to or farther away from the free extremities of the tines g g. This variation in the speed of vibration can be produced while the system is working, and without stopping the vibratory action of the tines, so

If-things I p andp represent the contact-springs and C the electro as to bring them gradually from one speed to the other. The construction of this arrangement is clearly indicated on the drawings,.in which Fig. 5 represents an elevation, Fig. 6 a

plane, and Fig. 7 a sect-ion along the line X Y of Fig. 6, showing the detail of the sliding f, I could make use of toothed wheels working the sliding block at by means of a rack and pinion or any other mechanical device for the purpose. It is also understood that all the electric connections hereinbefore fully described and illustrated for the establishment and maintenance of synchronism can be applied withoutany modification to such a vibrating system.

I claim- 1. The combinatiomin a system of synchronous telegraphy in which a single line-wire is used, of two vibrating tuning-forks B B governing an electromotor, a current-distributer, a trailing finger on said distributer and connected with the line-Wire, and electrical pitch-varying means at the receiving-station and controlled from the transmitting-station, substantially as described, whereby the vibrations of the said forks may he made equal or unequal at will, substantiallyas set forth.

2. The combination,in a system of synchronous telegraphy in which a single line-wire is used, of the tuning-fork B, local battery a, motor-battery e, line-battery H, current-distributer D, provided with contact-segments 0c and 3 respectively connected to the positive and negative poles of said line-battery, and trailer F, all arranged to operate as described and placed att-he transmitting end of saidline-wire, with the tuning-fork B, having magnetized tines, local batteries a a", of equal strength but of opposite polarities, and polarized relay R, trailer F, and current-distributor D, having contact-segment zconnected to said relay R, all arranged to operate substantially as described and placed at the receiving end of said line-wire, substantially as described.

3. The combination, in an electro-tuningfork, of the parallel tines g g, both fixed at one extremity by the block m, with the single sliding block at embracingboth said tines, and with the longitudinal screw f threaded into said block m and swiveled in said block 91, substantially as described.

In witness whereof I have hereunto set my hand .in presence of two witnesses.

GILBERT ALFRED OASSAGNES.

Witnesses:

GEORGE LAURENT, J r., ALEXANDRE HUBAUT. 

